Update 3 Home Broadband Deals Review

Update 3 Home Broadband Deals Review – As the world, to the surprise of many, was in a state of emergency for another year and of course we ourselves were not entirely safe, testing, analysis and validation continued in our laboratories. But now that this crazy year is coming to an end, we want to take the opportunity to look back at the 2021 test: how does the overall security level stand? What problems can we see? And what is the trend? – Questions we want to answer from our perspective

The following data is based on tests conducted in 2021 only This year, more than 20 systems underwent our security or certification tests, mainly smart locks, IP cameras, smart homes and alarm systems. Among others and with some internal tests, the following products were tested this year:

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As always, our tests were divided into 4 major test areas of application security, online communication, local communication and data security, and we’d like to discuss the individual test areas here in that order.

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If the tested product is not a mobile application itself, a mobile application is always at least part of the IoT system. At least that’s the case with all the products we’ve tested this year Mobile applications are used for setup, remote control and device configuration Naturally, they are essential for any IoT product from a security perspective and thus receive a lot of attention in our tests as well. In the first phase, we mainly perform static checks to identify potential problems with the app’s implementation. These can be serious, for example, such as hard-coded secrets, or more in the case of “misconfiguration”, which can sometimes cause serious problems, but are usually very easy to fix. Application given It is important to note here that for this assessment point we exclude local or online communication issues and outsource them to the relevant test category as they usually involve vulnerabilities in the app and device (or the manufacturer’s cloud). There are combinations

Overall, the security level of apps tested this year was generally quite high We didn’t really have a single app combination (Android and iOS apps) that didn’t have at least a few minor issues, but the number of really serious issues was comparatively low. Only 10% of the apps we looked at had problems that would be rated as at least moderate severity, and half of those had problems with serious consequences for system security.

What we usually see here is a flaw in the network security configuration Although both Android and iOS offer options that allow system-side blocking of an app’s insecure internet communications (usually just a relevant flag that needs to be set) – you can set your app to be “secure by default”. Can be easily maintained – Many developers make the same “manual” more complicated than necessary to complete

Other classic problems in this area go in the same direction: activation of memory access mechanisms (such as ASLR) for used libraries, sharing app content with other apps (via so-called intents) or usage. Potentially unsafe method calls that (under certain circumstances) can be exploited for buffer overflows and similar attacks – these are all more theoretical and therefore generally rated less severely in our review.

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Super-GAU is a vulnerability for any IoT system that can be exploited remotely over the Internet and allows an attacker to attack without physical proximity. Accurately testing this potential is the main focus of this test area, and potential vulnerabilities are evaluated with relative severity. We primarily examine communication between the device, application, and cloud, but also analyze the device for open ports or active and/or outdated protocols that could be used to launch attacks or gain information.

Results in this area have always been mixed in recent years, and this has not changed in 2021: 15% of all tested products had serious problems in this area, and a full 55% had at least minor problems. It wasn’t there Originally rated as critical, but at least provided with an attack surface. On a positive note, however, 30% of the tested products had no apparent weaknesses in this area and could be immediately assessed as safe by us. Another positive aspect is that manufacturers were successfully notified and appropriate responses were taken for all products that were found to have critical vulnerabilities. In all cases, the producers also responded very gratefully to our input – a trend we can only welcome. A few years ago, we felt it differently in some areas

The classic problems we face in this area are, as they always are, related to the encryption of communications. While the proportion of products that don’t use encryption at all is steadily declining — in fact, we had no products in testing this year that didn’t use encryption — this is still where most of the big problems lie. Encryption is relatively easy to use, but more difficult to use correctly: a connection encrypted via HTTPS/TLS is not automatically fully secure because it uses these protocols. There are few points to consider so that these protocols can really provide their full security and the most important one is certification. Here we can often see in practice that certificate authentication, which would be able to verify the identity of the server, at least for the client, is not always implemented correctly when the connection is established. The result is that the client (device or mobile application) cannot verify whether it is communicating with the desired host (vendor server/cloud) at a given time. The result is vulnerability to man-in-the-middle attacks and the ability to break or bypass encrypted connections without user notice. By extracting such sensitive data, an attacker can gain full access to user accounts in the worst case scenario

The second serious problem we often see is the use of weak encryption This is usually encryption that the manufacturer developed themselves because it was cheaper, easier, or both than using the protocol. In practice, however, these self-developed encryption protocols are generally weak and buggy – which is not surprising. Current encryption protocols such as TLS have been peer-reviewed thousands of times, improved in countless versions, and are still not completely secure. A single IoT manufacturer in its first attempt is unlikely to land an unprecedented hit right away The result is an algorithm that is easy to break with the right knowledge and, again, sufficiently secure access to critical data.

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Then there are two aspects to consider for the test area of ​​local communication: firstly, network communication of devices and mobile applications is considered again (but only between each other in the same network) and secondly any other short-range radio communication. . (mainly Bluetooth). A vulnerability is usually less severe in this test case, because the attack scenario (the attacker must be at the site and/or already have access to the network) is less relevant in practice. However, depending on the application situation, some vulnerabilities can have serious consequences here as well

In this year’s tests, this test area presented itself very positively: 40% of the tested products had no immediately identifiable weaknesses in this area. Another 30% had deficiencies of low to moderate severity, but even here the practical risk was kept at a manageable level given the current application situation and the resultant risk. Only 10% of tested systems need to prove to be a critical impact vulnerability For the remaining 20%, local communication was not the focus of research or simply did not exist

The problems we see more and more here are naturally similar to those in online communication As mentioned earlier, however, such problems usually have far less serious consequences at the LAN level However, we never tire of explaining to manufacturers that there must also be adequate security – just one compromised device on the network and all other vulnerable devices on the same network run the risk of becoming the next target.

As far as Bluetooth communication is concerned, the observed problems are usually related to a careless handling of the underlying protocol, which does not implement any security mechanisms by default and is therefore independent from the manufacturer to solve. It should be enhanced and protected Unfortunately, this does not always happen with absolute consistency The particular problem here is the possibility of DoS attacks, which also

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